Chloramphenicol
Also known as: Chloromycetin, Kemicetine, Chloricol, Enteromycetin, Paraxin
CAS Number: 56-75-7
Broad-spectrum amphenicol antibiotic
Pharmacopeia Standards
Mechanism of Action
Chloramphenicol binds reversibly to the peptidyl transferase centre of the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit and blocks formation of the peptide bond, arresting protein elongation. The effect is primarily bacteriostatic across a very broad Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic and rickettsial spectrum. Because mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes are structurally similar, the same binding accounts for the dose-independent aplastic anaemia risk that shaped its modern regulatory status.
Technical Specifications
| Generic / INN Name | Chloramphenicol |
| CAS Registry Number | 56-75-7 |
| Molecular Formula | C11H12Cl2N2O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 323.13 g/mol g/mol |
| Typical Purity | 98.0-102.0% on dried basis (USP/EP assay), single impurity NMT 0.5% |
| Storage Conditions | Store in tight, light-resistant containers at 15-30 C in a dry area; protect from moisture and direct sunlight |
| Shelf Life | 60 months from date of manufacture when stored in original sealed packing |
| Category | Amphenicols |
Specifications are indicative and intended for sourcing reference only. Always confirm against the supplier's Certificate of Analysis and the applicable pharmacopeial monograph before issuing a purchase specification.
Typical Applications
Ophthalmic drops and eye ointments, topical antibacterial creams, otic preparations, veterinary formulations in non-food species, and systemic capsules and injectable sodium succinate for typhoid, meningitis and rickettsial disease in low- and middle-income markets.
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