Chloramphenicol molecular structure

Chloramphenicol

Also known as: Chloromycetin, Kemicetine, Chloricol, Enteromycetin, Paraxin

CAS Number: 56-75-7

Broad-spectrum amphenicol antibiotic

Pharmacopeia Standards

USPBPIPEPJPCP

Mechanism of Action

Chloramphenicol binds reversibly to the peptidyl transferase centre of the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit and blocks formation of the peptide bond, arresting protein elongation. The effect is primarily bacteriostatic across a very broad Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic and rickettsial spectrum. Because mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes are structurally similar, the same binding accounts for the dose-independent aplastic anaemia risk that shaped its modern regulatory status.

Technical Specifications

Generic / INN NameChloramphenicol
CAS Registry Number56-75-7
Molecular FormulaC11H12Cl2N2O5
Molecular Weight323.13 g/mol g/mol
Typical Purity98.0-102.0% on dried basis (USP/EP assay), single impurity NMT 0.5%
Storage ConditionsStore in tight, light-resistant containers at 15-30 C in a dry area; protect from moisture and direct sunlight
Shelf Life60 months from date of manufacture when stored in original sealed packing
CategoryAmphenicols

Specifications are indicative and intended for sourcing reference only. Always confirm against the supplier's Certificate of Analysis and the applicable pharmacopeial monograph before issuing a purchase specification.

Typical Applications

Ophthalmic drops and eye ointments, topical antibacterial creams, otic preparations, veterinary formulations in non-food species, and systemic capsules and injectable sodium succinate for typhoid, meningitis and rickettsial disease in low- and middle-income markets.

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