Nitrofurantoin
Also known as: Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin, Nitrofurantin, Uvamin
CAS Number: 67-20-9
Nitrofuran urinary antibacterial
Pharmacopeia Standards
Mechanism of Action
Nitrofurantoin is a prodrug reduced inside bacterial cells by flavoproteins and nitroreductases to highly reactive electrophilic intermediates. These intermediates attack ribosomal proteins, DNA, respiratory enzymes and pyruvate metabolism simultaneously, which explains the very low rate of acquired resistance after decades of use. Because it concentrates in urine and achieves little systemic tissue exposure, activity is confined to the urinary tract.
Technical Specifications
| Generic / INN Name | Nitrofurantoin |
| CAS Registry Number | 67-20-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C8H6N4O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 238.16 g/mol g/mol |
| Typical Purity | 98.0-102.0% on dried basis (USP); related compounds within monograph limits |
| Storage Conditions | Store in well-closed, light-resistant containers at 15-30 C; avoid contact with metals other than stainless steel or aluminium |
| Shelf Life | 60 months from date of manufacture |
| Category | Nitrofurans |
Specifications are indicative and intended for sourcing reference only. Always confirm against the supplier's Certificate of Analysis and the applicable pharmacopeial monograph before issuing a purchase specification.
Typical Applications
Oral capsules and tablets for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection, macrocrystal and monohydrate/macrocrystal modified-release capsules, and paediatric oral suspensions.
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